初学者必看:Oracle监听口令及监听器安全

很多人都知道，Oracle的监听器一直存在着一个安全隐患，假如不设置安全措施，那么能够访问的用户就可以远程关闭监听器。

相关示例：

 

D:\>lsnrctl stop eygle

 

LSNRCTL for 32-bit Windows: Version 10.2.0.3.0 - Production on 28-11月-2007 10:02:40

 

Copyright (c) 1991, 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.

 

正在连接到 (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=172.16.33.11)(PORT=1521))

(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=eygle)))

命令执行成功

 

大家可以发现，此时缺省的监听器的日志还无法记录操作地址：

 

No longer listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=172.16.33.11)(PORT=1521)))

28-NOV-2007 09:59:20 * (CONNECT_DATA=(CID=(PROGRAM=)(HOST=)(USER=Administrator))(COMMAND=stop)

(ARGUMENTS=64)(SERVICE=eygle)(VERSION=169870080)) * stop * 0

 

为了更好的保证监听器的安全，大家最好为监听设置密码：

 

[oracle@jumper log]$ lsnrctl

 

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 9.2.0.4.0 - Production on 28-NOV-2007 10:18:17

 

Copyright (c) 1991, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.

 

Welcome to LSNRCTL, type "help" for information.

 

LSNRCTL> set current_listener listener

Current Listener is listener

LSNRCTL> change_password

Old password:

New password:

Reenter new password:

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=172.16.33.11)(PORT=1521)))

Password changed for listener

The command completed successfully

LSNRCTL> set password

Password:

The command completed successfully

LSNRCTL> save_config

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=172.16.33.11)(PORT=1521)))

Saved LISTENER configuration parameters.

Listener Parameter File /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/network/admin/listener.ora

Old Parameter File /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/network/admin/listener.bak

The command completed successfully

 

在我们设置密码后，远程操作将会因缺失密码而出现失败：

 

D:\>lsnrctl stop eygle

 

LSNRCTL for 32-bit Windows: Version 10.2.0.3.0 - Production on 28-11月-2007 10:22:57

Copyright (c) 1991, 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.

 

正在连接到 (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=172.16.33.11)

(PORT=1521))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=eygle)))

TNS-01169: 监听程序尚未识别口令

 

注意：此时在服务器端或客户端，都需要我们通过密码来起停监听器：

 

LSNRCTL> set password

Password:

The command completed successfully

LSNRCTL> stop

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=172.16.33.11)(PORT=1521)))

The command completed successfully

LSNRCTL> start

Starting /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

 

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 9.2.0.4.0 - Production

System parameter file is /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/network/admin/listener.ora

Log messages written to /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/network/log/listener.log

Trace information written to /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/network/trace/listener.trc

Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=172.16.33.11)(PORT=1521)))

 

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=172.16.33.11)(PORT=1521)))

STATUS of the LISTENER

------------------------

Alias LISTENER

Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 9.2.0.4.0 - Production

Start Date 28-NOV-2007 10:22:23

Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec

Trace Level support

Security ON

SNMP OFF

Listener Parameter File /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/network/admin/listener.ora

Listener Log File /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/network/log/listener.log

Listener Trace File /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/network/trace/listener.trc

Listening Endpoints Summary...

(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=172.16.33.11)(PORT=1521)))

Services Summary...

Service "eygle" has 1 instance(s).

Instance "eygle", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "julia" has 1 instance(s).

Instance "eygle", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

The command completed successfully

 

另外，ADMIN_RESTRICTIONS参数也是一个重要的安全选项，大家可以在 listener.ora 文件中设置 ADMIN_RESTRICTIONS_ 为 ON，此后所有在运行时对监听器的修改都将会被阻止，所有对监听器的修改都必须通过手工修改listener.ora文件才能顺利完成。